Semiconductors & Chips

Extreme ultraviolet lithography requires vaporising tin droplets with lasers 50,000 times per second. Exactly one supplier can build these machines,…

Chips have become so powerful that their power consumption is now a major constraint, and power efficiency — doing more…

Instead of making chips bigger or transistors smaller, 3D stacking builds chips upward, stacking layers of circuitry to put more…

Processors have gotten dramatically faster, but memory has not kept pace, and the gap between processor speed and memory speed…

Monolithic dies stopped scaling economically. The industry's answer is building processors from separately manufactured pieces, which changes the economics of…

Silicon has powered chips for decades, but it is reaching its limits, and advanced materials are being developed to push…

The demand for AI has created a huge market for specialised chips, and AI chips — GPUs and dedicated accelerators…

Instead of building one giant chip, the industry is moving to chiplets — smaller chips that are combined into a…

As traditional transistor scaling slows, advanced packaging — stacking and connecting chips in new ways — has become the primary…

Light moves data faster and with less energy than electricity, and photonic computing — using light instead of electrons —…